In ............. transmission, bits are transmitted simultaneously, each across its own wire.

In ............. transmission, bits are transmitted over a single wire, one at a time.

In ........... transmission, a start bit and a stop bit frame a character byte.

In asynchronous transmission, the gap time between bytes is .........

............. conversion involves three techniques: line coding, block coding, and scrambling.

........... is the process of converting digital data to a digital signal.

.......... provides redundancy to ensure synchronization and inherent error detection.

............ is normally referred to as mB/nB coding; it replaces each m-bit group with an n-bit group.

............. provides synchronization without increasing the number of bits.

Two common scrambling techniques are