In ............... there is always a transition at the middle of the bit, but the bit values are determined at the beginning of the bit. If the next bit is 0, there is a transition; if the next bit is 1, there is none.

In Manchester and differential Manchester encoding, the transition at the middle of the bit is used for ...............

The minimum bandwidth of Manchester and differential Manchester is ......... that of NRZ.

In ........... encoding, we use three levels: positive, zero, and negative.

The ............ scheme uses data patterns of size 2 and encodes the 2-bit patterns as one signal element belonging to a four-level signal.

The ............. scheme uses three levels (+V, 0, and -V) and three transition rules to move between the levels.

.............. substitutes eight consecutive zeros with 000VB0VB.

.......... substitutes four consecutive zeros with 000V or B00V.

What is the number of error bits that occur for a given number of bits transmitted called?

What is the process of digital communication where a threshold value is set at the receiver to reduce noise?