Equality: Political Science Challenge

Question 1

Which of these best defines substantive equality?

Accepted Answer

Guaranteeing equal outcomes, even if it requires differential treatment.

Answer

Treating everyone the same, regardless of circumstance.

Answer

Focusing on equal opportunities, not outcomes.

Answer

Ensuring everyone has the same legal rights.

Question 2

What is affirmative action primarily designed to address?

Accepted Answer

Historical and systemic disadvantages faced by marginalized groups.

Answer

Reverse discrimination against majority groups.

Answer

The need for a completely meritocratic society.

Answer

Individual acts of prejudice.

Question 3

Which philosophical concept argues that inequality is justified if it benefits the least advantaged?

Accepted Answer

Rawlsian Justice

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Libertarianism

Answer

Egalitarianism

Question 4

What is the key difference between equality of opportunity and equality of outcome?

Accepted Answer

Equality of opportunity focuses on fairness in access, while equality of outcome focuses on equal results.

Answer

Equality of opportunity aims for equal results, while equality of outcome focuses on fair access.

Answer

There is no difference; they are the same concept.

Answer

Equality of opportunity is a legal concept, while equality of outcome is a moral one.

Question 5

Which of the following is a common criticism of policies aimed at promoting equality of outcome?

Accepted Answer

They can be seen as unfair to those who have worked hard to achieve success.

Answer

They often lead to greater social cohesion.

Answer

They always result in a more efficient economy.

Answer

They are easily implemented and universally accepted.

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